Matthew 13 gathers the Savior’s parables of the kingdom: the sower, the wheat and the tares, the mustard seed, the leaven, the treasure hidden in a field, the pearl of great price, and the net. Luke 8 repeats the sower and adds the women who ministered to Jesus “of their substance” (Luke 8:1–3). Luke 13 adds a barren fig tree given one more year (13:6–9), a woman bent over for eighteen years whom Jesus “loosed” on the Sabbath (13:11–17), and a question about how many will be saved, which Jesus answers with “Strive to enter in at the strait gate” (13:24).
The parable of the sower is really about the soil. The seed is the same every time; the difference is the ground. Jesus explains it Himself in Matthew 13:18–23: the wayside is someone who hears and doesn’t understand; stony ground receives the word with joy, “yet hath he not root in himself,” and falls away under pressure; thorns are “the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches” (Luke 8:14 adds “pleasures of this life”); good ground hears, understands, and bears fruit. Luke 8:15 describes good ground as an “honest and good heart” that bears fruit “with patience.” Alma 32:28–43 builds on the same image, comparing the word to a seed we nourish until it becomes a tree of life.
The wheat and the tares (Matthew 13:24–30, 36–43) needs a note. A tare was a weed that looks like wheat until it matures, so pulling it early would tear up wheat too. In D&C 86:1–7 the Lord applies the parable to the latter days: He holds back the angels from pulling up the tares while the wheat is still tender, lest the wheat be destroyed, and He will gather the wheat first. Elder Neil L. Andersen taught from this parable in “Drawing Closer to the Savior” (October 2022), including a tender reminder to be patient with ourselves as young wheat. The manual also points to the chapter on these parables in Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith.
For 16–18-year-olds, “not root in himself” is the heart of the lesson. Many have lived on their parents’ testimonies, seminary, and a strong youth group. Within a year or two they may be on missions, at college, or living on their own, where borrowed roots won’t hold. Be honest that everyone’s testimony starts partly borrowed, and that is fine; the goal now is to grow roots of their own through personal prayer, scripture study, and acting on what they believe. The pearl of great price (Matthew 13:45–46) asks the other big question for this age: what are you willing to give for the kingdom?