Matthew 5–7 is the Sermon on the Mount; Luke 6 records a similar sermon given “in the plain” (Luke 6:17). This week is Matthew 5. It opens with the Beatitudes (5:3–12): eight kinds of people Jesus calls “blessed,” meaning deeply happy and favored by God. The list is upside down from what the world celebrates. Not the richest, loudest, most followed or best at winning arguments, but the poor in spirit (humble enough to know they need God), those who mourn, the meek (strong but gentle), those hungry for what’s right, the merciful, the pure in heart, the peacemakers, and the persecuted. Every one comes with a promise. Luke 6:20–26 adds “woes” to those who are full and praised by everyone now, which makes the contrast even sharper.
Salt and light (5:13–16): salt preserved food and flavored it, and in ancient Israel it was part of covenant offerings; salt that lost its savour was useless. A bushel was a measuring basket, so hiding a lamp under it defeats the point. Jesus is the Light of the World (John 8:12); our light is His, shining through our good works, and the goal is that people glorify the Father, not us. For a generation that lives online, “let your light shine” is a real question about what they post and how they treat people in the comments.
The higher law (5:21–44): six times Jesus says, in effect, “Ye have heard… but I say unto you.” Don’t just avoid murder; don’t stay angry. Don’t just avoid adultery; keep your thoughts pure (for this age, that includes what we choose to look at on a screen; keep it simple and matter-of-fact). Don’t need oaths; just be honest. Don’t retaliate. Love your enemies and pray for people who treat you badly. The law had focused on actions; Jesus goes to the heart.
“Be ye therefore perfect” (5:48) can crush conscientious 11–14s who already feel they have to be flawless. The Greek word points toward being complete or whole, and in the Book of Mormon version the Savior includes Himself as the example (3 Nephi 12:48). Elder Jeffrey R. Holland’s talk “Be Ye Therefore Perfect—Eventually” (the manual points to it) is a great read: perfection is a lifelong process through the Savior’s grace, not a demand to never make a mistake. Say that out loud to your class.