Hosea preached in the northern kingdom of Israel in the decades before Assyria destroyed it in 722 BC. He began in the prosperous reign of Jeroboam II, as Hosea 1:1 says. Israel was comfortable and religiously mixed. People worshipped the Lord and Baal side by side. They credited Baal, a fertility god, for the rain and harvests. Hosea’s central image is a marriage. The Lord made a covenant with Israel like a husband with a bride, and Israel was unfaithful. The book calls Israel by the name of its leading tribe, Ephraim. It speaks to Judah in the south as well.
This lesson centers on Hosea 1–3. The Lord asked Hosea to marry Gomer, who would be unfaithful. Their children’s names announced Israel’s broken covenant. In 1:3–9 they’re Jezreel, Lo-ruhamah and Lo-ammi. Lo-ruhamah means “not pitied.” Lo-ammi means “not my people.” But in 1:10 the Lord promises that “not my people” will be called “the sons of the living God.” In 2:14–15 He’ll lead her into the wilderness and “speak comfortably unto her.” The valley of Achor means trouble. He’ll make it “a door of hope.” In 3:1–2, Hosea buys his wife back for fifteen pieces of silver and some barley. It’s a picture of the Redeemer paying to bring back what was His. Paul and Peter both saw Hosea 2:23 fulfilled in the gospel. See Romans 9:25–26 and 1 Peter 2:10.
The rest of the block keeps coming back to that love. In 11:1, “When Israel was a child, then I loved him.” In 11:4, “I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love.” In 11:8, “How shall I give thee up, Ephraim?” In 13:14, “I will ransom them from the power of the grave.” Paul echoes that about the Resurrection in 1 Corinthians 15:55. Finally, in 14:4, “I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely.” Joel’s date is uncertain. He describes a terrible locust plague. In Joel 2:13 he calls people to “rend your heart, and not your garments.” In 2:25 the Lord promises, “I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten.” Moroni quoted Joel 2:28–32 to Joseph Smith in 1823. He said it would soon be fulfilled. That’s Joseph Smith—History 1:41.
Twenty-five minutes goes fast. Walk through Hosea 1–3 in six short readings: 1:2–3, 1:9–10, 2:6–8, 2:14–15, 2:19–23 and 3:1–3. Bridge the gaps in a sentence. Then study 14:4 and spend the discussion in Hosea 11. Joel 2 is a short bonus. The outpouring of the Spirit in Joel 2:28 is in the extras.