John 2–4 moves quickly. At a wedding in Cana, Mary tells the servants, “Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it.” Jesus turns the water in six stone waterpots into wine. In John 2:11 it’s “this beginning of miracles.” In 2:13–17, at Passover, He drives the merchants and money changers out of the temple. Nicodemus is a Pharisee and “a ruler of the Jews.” In 3:1–5 he comes by night. He hears that he must be born of water and of the Spirit. John 3:16 follows. John the Baptist hears the crowds are going to Jesus. In 3:30 he answers, “He must increase, but I must decrease.” Then comes the woman at the well. The chapter closes in 4:46–53 with a nobleman’s son healed from a distance by a word.
The setting of John 4 matters. Jews and Samaritans had centuries of hostility between them. Samaritans descended partly from peoples the Assyrians settled in the north after it fell. That’s 2 Kings 17:24. They worshipped on their own mountain, Gerizim, not at Jerusalem. In 4:9 John says plainly, “the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.” Yet in 4:4 Jesus “must needs go through Samaria.” He sits down, tired, at Jacob’s well near Sychar. It’s about the sixth hour, around noon. A woman comes alone to draw water. In one conversation He crosses lines of nation, religion, gender and reputation.
Watch how the conversation unfolds. Jesus starts by asking for her help: “Give me to drink.” He offers “living water.” In her world that could just mean running spring water instead of still cistern water. So she takes Him literally at first. He names her past plainly, without condemning her. In 4:23 He teaches that true worshippers will worship the Father “in spirit and in truth.” She mentions the coming Messiah. In 4:26 He says, “I that speak unto thee am he.” It’s one of His clearest early declarations in John. She leaves her waterpot and runs into town. In 4:29 she says, “Come, see a man, which told me all things that ever I did: is not this the Christ?” Before long, in 4:42, many Samaritans testify He’s “the Saviour of the world.”
Twenty-five minutes is enough to walk through John 4 in five short readings. Use verses 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 23–26 and 28–30. Bridge the gaps in a sentence, with one question at each stop. Nicodemus is ready as a bonus step. Handle the woman’s history with care. The text doesn’t say why she had five husbands, and it isn’t our place to guess. Some in your room carry divorces, remarriages or painful histories. What the text does show is this. Jesus knew everything about her and still chose her as one of His first witnesses.