Amos was a shepherd and fig farmer, not a professional prophet, when the Lord called him (Amos 7:14–15). He reasons like a detective: a lion doesn’t roar without prey, and when the Lord speaks, prophets can’t stay quiet (3:4–8). Then the famous line: “Surely the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets” (3:7). Amos invites Israel to “Seek ye me, and ye shall live” (5:4) and warns of a coming famine, “not a famine of bread … but of hearing the words of the LORD” (8:11). Latter-day Saints see that famine in the Great Apostasy after the Apostles died, and its end in the Restoration, when the Lord again called prophets.
Obadiah is the shortest book in the Old Testament, one chapter. Its last verse promises that “saviours shall come up on mount Zion” (1:21). Latter-day prophets, including Joseph Smith and President Gordon B. Hinckley, have taught that we become saviors on Mount Zion when we do temple ordinances for people who died without them. Most of your class can now do baptisms for the dead, starting in January of the year they turn 12. That verse is literally about them.
The Lord told Jonah to go to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, the brutal empire that terrorized Israel. Jonah headed the opposite way, to Tarshish. The storm, the sleeping prophet, the sailors casting lots, the great fish “prepared” by the Lord (a rescue, not a punishment), the prayer from inside the fish, and “the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the second time” (3:1) are all in chapters 1–3. Nineveh believed, fasted and turned from violence, from the king down to the cattle, and the Lord spared them.
Chapter 4 is the surprise. Jonah is furious, and he finally admits why he ran: “I knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness” (4:2). He didn’t run because he was scared. He ran because he didn’t want his enemies forgiven. The Lord gives him a shade plant, takes it away with a worm, and asks: you cared about a plant; shouldn’t I care about 120,000 people? The book ends on that question, for us to answer. Jesus pointed to Jonah’s three days in the fish as a sign of His own death and Resurrection, and said “a greater than Jonas is here” (Matthew 12:40–41). Teens understand grudges. This is a lesson about wanting mercy for others, not just for ourselves.